They also attempted to break down the boundaries between what people considered high art, children’s art, folk art, and ethnography. In 1911, Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc formed Der Blaue Reiter, with an aim to transcend the mundane by pursuing the spiritual value of art. They chose their name inspired by a passage in Nietzsche’s Thus Spoke Zarathustra, wanted to convey their wish to bridge the past and the present. The founding members were Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff. Die Brücke was a collective of artists formed in Dresden in 1905, who were opposed to the bourgeois social order of Germany. Two main groups of artists formed the core of German Expressionism: the artists who formed Die Brücke and Der Blaue Reiter. Key characteristics: emotion, free sexuality, heightened use of color, spirituality Key artists: Paula Modersohn-Becker, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Franz Marc, Wassily Kandinsky, Emil Nolde, Fritz Bleyl, Erich Heckel, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Paul Klee, Gabriele Münter, Alexej von Jawlensky, Marianne von Werefkin and August Macke. Keywords: self, psyche, body, sexuality, nature, spirit, emotions, mysticism, distortion of reality, exaggeration, heightened use of color German Expressionism was divided into two main groups of artists: Die Brücke (the bridge), led by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, and Der Blue Reiter (The Blue Rider), led by Franz Marc and Wassily Kandinsky. Germany, along with France, Austria, and Norway, was an important center of the development of Expressionism. The artists’ aim was to express their emotional experiences, instead of focusing on portraying physical reality. At the start of the twentieth century, Expressionism emerged as an international tendency and art movement, spanning art, literature, music, theatre, film, and architecture.
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